Based on the pattern you are getting I would dismiss rom/ram communication or at least move it furthest down the suspect list.
So, anywhere between 060 and the software on your PC.
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060 -> cpld -> uart -> max -> cable -> adapter -> driver -> software -> software config
060 -> -^
Still a broad range and ideally you want to narrow this down to avoid randomly stabbing in the dark.
If it was my board I would inspect the serial stream at suitable locations on Raven by placing Logic Analyzer directly on UART-TX, input to MAX, output from MAX. Basically try to find exactly where the stream breaks apart in order to quite quickly reduce the number of unkowns in the situation.
Without one it'll be more about working with educated guesses.
I do find the output you are getting quite interesting! Do you have a screenshot of it when you enable Hex from the View menu?
Numbers appear to be displayed in a consistently wrong way.
For example "rprtqpru" where we know it should say the rom date. Subtract 0x40 from the chars and it becomes the correct "20241025".
The same applies to all other chars that we know are numbers. At a glance it doesn't seem to follow the same pattern for other ascii ranges though it's hard to tell from looking at chars compared to hex values.
Now, that may not amount to anything but consistent fault patterns can sometimes give clues.