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WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

Post by exxos »

WD1772 at 16MHz: where this has ended up

Bringing together everything from the last couple of days of digging and bench testing, since it's spread across a few posts now.

Myths busted
  • "Only the 02-02 does 16MHz" is false. Multiple 00-02s here run clean at 16MHz.
  • "WD stopped making the 02-02" is false. I have factory 02-02 stock date coded 1994, one 1995.
  • "Rated at 10MHz" isn't invented, it comes straight out of WD's own clock duty timing table, but neither chip is specified anywhere near 16MHz, on either revision, in either datasheet.
  • Nobody who ever made the original claim published how many chips they tested. I now have a real sample, with a control chip re-verified between every swap and every 16MHz failure re-checked at 8MHz to prove it's a good part.
What actually happened on the bench

Code: Select all

Marking   Date  Result at 16MHz
-------   ----  -----------------------------
02-02     9427   OK, x2 units
02-02     9522   OK
00-02     8614   OK
00-02     8618   FAIL x3, all load fine at 8MHz
00-02     8622   OK x2, FAIL x1, the fail loads fine at 8MHz
00-02     8627   OK x3
One 8622 that passed a short run went on to accumulate around 4 hours of near continuous 16MHz across several restarts, including one clean unexplained stop with nothing logged first. Heating it deliberately with a soldering iron reliably made it fail, and it recovered once it cooled down, which at least confirms the mechanism is thermal margin rather than the chip just being dead.

The bit that actually matters, and the disappointing part

I went as far as matching a working 8622 against a failing 8622 down to the lot code stamped on the underside. Identical, top and bottom. Same lot, opposite result. Two 8627s from the same production week also gave opposite results earlier.

So date code doesn't predict it, lot code doesn't predict it, and country of assembly doesn't predict it either, since that's confounded with revision anyway. Every single thing you can read off the outside of the package has now been checked and none of it tells you anything. The honest conclusion is suck it and see, chip by chip. Not the satisfying answer I was hoping to end up with, but it's where the evidence actually goes.

The one real pattern

8618 is the exception. Three out of three failed, reproducibly, and all three share the same lot code. That's still a genuine result, just a narrow one: it says something about that specific lot, not about the 00-02 revision in general.

What this confirms

This lines up with what I found years ago and already had on the site: 16MHz is an overclock on any 1772, 00 or 02, and whether a given chip takes it is unpredictable per chip. What's new is having an actual sample behind that statement instead of just my word for it, and having finally killed off the idea that the 00 flatly won't do it.

Still open
  • Whether 00 and 02 differ in reliability at all. Can't say yet. My 02 history is years of real 16MHz exposure through the kits, but only ever in short access-only bursts, never sustained. Today's 00 testing is hours of continuous 16MHz. So it's a duty cycle mismatch between the two datasets, not that the 02s have never seen 16MHz.
  • Sustained 24/7 operation. Nobody has tested that, including me. 4-5 hours is the longest clean run so far.
  • All of this used an external oscillator, not a Shifter derived clock. I found the Shifter clock intermittent on an original STFM about 30 years ago and never got to the bottom of why. None of today's results say anything about a chip fed a worse clock.
I've also got over 200 00-02 chips in stock, new, not sourced from China. Obviously not all of them will run at 16MHz, and I'm not about to test every single one of them to find out which. Realistically most people overclocking would go for the 02-02 anyway since that's the lore, and for anyone just wanting 8MHz, condition and count aside, it's not a problem at all. If anyone's interested in buying in bulk, packs of 50 or so, I can do a better deal than the store price. I've got hundreds of both the 00-02 and 02-02, all NOS.
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

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Started a wiki page to document my findings. Will take some days to do larger batch testing of both WD1772 00 and 02.

https://www.atari-wiki.com/index.php?ti ... 16MHz_Myth
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

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exxos wrote: Sat Aug 01, 2026 9:27 am Started a wiki page to document my findings. Will take some days to do larger batch testing of both WD1772 00 and 02.

https://www.atari-wiki.com/index.php?ti ... 16MHz_Myth
Final page is now up. It sure was a lot of work.

I guess for my stock, I will have to classify them as 8mhz or 16mhz now as it varies so much even on same batch numbers.. Not easy when I've got like 400 of the things :lol: :roll:
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

Post by rubber_jonnie »

Interesting article, what about adding the Ajax into the mix?

I know they are supposed to run at 16MHz but it'd be interesting to see what your tests show.
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

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rubber_jonnie wrote: Tue Aug 18, 2026 11:35 am Interesting article, what about adding the Ajax into the mix?

I know they are supposed to run at 16MHz but it'd be interesting to see what your tests show.
Where to find a batch of AJAX chips :)

If anyone wants to donate 10 to the cause....... ;)
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

Post by rubber_jonnie »

I only have 2 spares...

Then I suppose there are another 3 in my STE's and MSTE.
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800XL and 65XE both with Ultimate1MB,VBXL/XE & PokeyMax, SIDE3, SDrive Max, 2x 1010 cassette, 2x 1050 one with Happy mod, 3x 2600 Jr, 7800 and Lynx II
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Plus the rest, totalling around 50 machines including a QL, 3x BBC Model B, Electron, Spectrums, ZX81 etc...
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

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rubber_jonnie wrote: Tue Aug 18, 2026 12:59 pm I only have 2 spares...

Then I suppose there are another 3 in my STE's and MSTE.
Well if you're willing to unsolder them all and loan them to me for a few days, then I can certainly test them as my test machine is still connected up right now anyway. I can certainly start to build up some notes on them for future page updates.
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

Post by rubber_jonnie »

exxos wrote: Tue Aug 18, 2026 1:03 pm
rubber_jonnie wrote: Tue Aug 18, 2026 12:59 pm I only have 2 spares...

Then I suppose there are another 3 in my STE's and MSTE.
Well if you're willing to unsolder them all and loan them to me for a few days, then I can certainly test them as my test machine is still connected up right now anyway. I can certainly start to build up some notes on them for future page updates.
The STE's are almost certainly soldered so I'd rather not get into that, but I have 2 spare plus the MSTE one that's in a socket.

Let me have a think I could potentially send them while I'm on holiday in a few weeks.
Collector of many retro things!
800XL and 65XE both with Ultimate1MB,VBXL/XE & PokeyMax, SIDE3, SDrive Max, 2x 1010 cassette, 2x 1050 one with Happy mod, 3x 2600 Jr, 7800 and Lynx II
Approx 20 STs, including a 520 STM, 520 STFMs, 3x Mega ST, MSTE & 2x 32 Mhz boosted STEs
Plus the rest, totalling around 50 machines including a QL, 3x BBC Model B, Electron, Spectrums, ZX81 etc...
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

Post by ijor »

exxos wrote: Sat Aug 01, 2026 9:27 am Started a wiki page to document my findings. Will take some days to do larger batch testing of both WD1772 00 and 02.
https://www.atari-wiki.com/index.php?ti ... 16MHz_Myth...
Final page is now up. It sure was a lot of work.
Excellent work. A couple of suggestions.

I'm not sure the 16 MHz/-02 myth is very popular. Personally, I never heard it. Regardless, my point is that it might be better to not concentrate in the myth too much. IMHO, the article should be about the WD1772 overclocking, and you did an excellent research about this. The 16MHZ, or the -02 myth, should probably better mentioned without elaborating too much. Certainly I don't think it should be the article title.

Also I think you should mention that the -02 has an enhanced PLL. This is a fact, and it is documented. How much this is relevant for accessing HD disks, it is hard to establish and not so easy to test.
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Re: WD1772 Floppy Disk Controller - exxos edition 2026

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ijor wrote: Tue Aug 18, 2026 7:26 pm I'm not sure the 16 MHz/-02 myth is very popular.
Personally, I never heard it.
Fair enough if you've not come across it, but it's been doing the rounds a long time. It traces back to a text from 1989 that circulated on UK packet radio, and it's been repeated since in ST Format, on Wikipedia (which carries a citation needed tag on the exact claim), and by Best Electronics on their own site. That's exactly why I wanted to test it properly rather than just add another repeat of it.
Regardless, my point is that it might be better to not concentrate in the myth too much. IMHO, the article should be about the WD1772 overclocking, and you did an excellent research about this. The 16MHZ, or the -02 myth, should probably better mentioned without elaborating too much. Certainly I don't think it should be the article title.
Fair point that the content holds up as an overclocking reference either way. But testing that specific claim was the whole reason I started this, so I'd rather keep it front and centre than water it down.
Also I think you should mention that the -02 has an enhanced PLL. This is a fact, and it is documented. How much this is relevant for accessing HD disks, it is hard to establish and not so easy to test.
Good shout, I'll get that added.
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