

Chapter 52  Advanced Music Processing

Advanced Editing Features:

			Insert/Remove Time
			Alter Timespan
			Velocity Adjust
			Replace Every
			Eliminate Every
			Optimize Every
			Level Hold Pedal
			Tempo Track
			Meter Track



	                Sections

			Understanding Section Mode
			Defining Sections
			Section Mode Buttons
			Cycle Recording
			Cycle Take Mode
			Quantized Record
			Record Filter
			Inspect Sections
			Two Uses For Sections
				(1) Glue In Section
				(2) Assemble Chain
			Using Chains
			Flatten Chain

Key Words:
	Compress
	Control Change
	Flatten
	Glue In Section
	Section
	Velocity


ADVANCED EDITING FEATURES

There are further options to improve or adjust your performance and 
increase the number of arranging possibilities.  When using the following 
functions, you should be aware of the different modes for setting time: 
Register Mode which creates Regions (see Whole Track/Region Editing in 
Chapter 4), and Section Mode which defines the Start and End Times in a 
Section (see Section Mode in this chapter).

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INSERT-REMOVE TIME
------------------                                       

When you want to add or delete time in the middle of a Track, use the 
Insert/Remove Time function found in the Edit menu.

When *Inserting* Time, it will insert a blank region extending from the 
Region Start time to the Region End time, then take the part of the Track 
that used to start at the Region Start Time and place it after the Region 
End Time.

When *Removing*, it will take the part of the Track after the Region End 
Time and place it at the Region Start Time, getting rid of everything 
(including any recorded information) that was between the Region Start 
and Region End Time.
 
Things To Remember:

-The Punch Method function affects this operation.  See Chapter 6.
-To Insert Time, choose Insert/Remove Time with the Left mouse button.
-To Remove Time, choose Insert/Remove Time with the Right mouse button.
-Use Region Start and End Times (RGN=ST/EN) or Punch In / Punch Out times (RGN=PI/PO).

-You must be in Register Mode (Cash Register icon displayed).

-You can use Insert/Remove on the following Track Types:
MIDI, Shadow, Tempo, and Meter (not Chain Tracks). If any  of the selected Tracks is a Tempo or Meter Track and the Region Start Time is 0001|01.00 (or 0000.00), an error message will appear before any of the Tracks is saved and the function will be cancelled.  

-When you use a Shadow Track as a Source Track, the resulting Destination Track will be a new MIDI Track, requiring enough song memory to accommodate the new information created.  The Shadow's Original Track will be unaffected.

-When you use a Meter Track as a Source Track, always be sure to Insert or Remove complete measures, without any extra beats or ticks.

FIG01.IMG     

To Insert Time:

-Set the Region Start Time exactly where you want to insert blank space.
-Set the Region End Time (later in time).
-The difference between the Region Start and End Times is the amount of 
time that will be added.  Every Event after the Region End Time will move later in time.
-Select Insert/Remove Time from the Edit menu with the Left mouse 
-Select the Track or Tracks to edit (Click Left).
-Select a Destination Track (Click Right).

FIG02.IMG     

To Remove Time:
-Set Region Start Time to the exact value where you want to begin Removing Time.
-Set Region End Time to the exact value where the next part starts.  (One tick past the end of the part you are Removing.)
-The difference between the Region Start and End Times is the amount of time that will be deleted.
-Select Insert/Remove Time from the Edit menu using the Right mouse button.
-Select the Track to edit (Click Left).
-Select a Destination Track (Click Right).

FIG03.IMG

To *Insert* Time Using Key Commands:
Press Control I. This will bring up the dialog box.

To *Remove* Time Using Key Commands:
Press Clr/Home then Control I. This will bring up the dialog box.

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ALTER TIMESPAN
---------------                                            

This function can be used to expand or compress a Track or portion of a Track in time.  This does not alter any Tempo Settings (which would affect the whole song, not just one Track); instead it moves the events on a given Track further apart or closer together.

Some possible applications of Alter Timespan include:

	
*By doubling (002/001) the length of all Tracks in a sequence, and also doubling the Tempo, you can turn a song recorded at the sequencer's high resolution of 192 ticks per quarter note into a song that plays back at an effective resolution of 384 ticks (see About Sequencer Resolution in Appendix A). Tracks recorded from this point on will be in 384 tick resolution.  This is seldom necessary except in cases of songs that are at slow tempos and require some fast solos or very accurate timing of some parts.  (To start out at 384 ppq you only have to double the Tempo.)  The program actually uses Alter Timespan as part of its conversion from normal 96 tick to high resolution 192 tick operation. 

*By figuring out how long a piece of music should take (for example, 30 seconds) and how long it actually takes (for example, 35 seconds) and using that ratio (030/035), and doing this to each Track, you can fit a piece of music to a required time.

*By using a ratio very close to one (for example, 095/096) and playing the Altered Track along with the original, you can simulate the effect of two tape recorders playing the same thing starting out synchronized but slowly drifting out of sync, or an echo that gradually gets longer and longer.

*By using simple integer fractions (for example, 003/004) on a short part that will be looped, you can generate polyrhythmic effects.


To Alter Timespan of A Track:

-Select Alter Timespan from the Edit menu.
-Left Click to affect the Whole Track.
-Right Click to affect a Region of the Track.
-Set the desired Ratio in the dialog box.
-If the first number (numerator) is greater than the second number (denominator) the Track will be expanded in time.
-If the first number is smaller the Track will be compressed in time.
-You can change each number by Clicking on it, pressing Esc, and retyping the number.
-Click OK.
-Left Click on the Source Track or Tracks.
-Right Click to select the Destination Track. If multiple Source Tracks were selected, multiple Destination Tracks will be created if an empty Destination Track is selected; if one of the Source Tracks is selected as the Destination, all Source Tracks will be replaced.

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VELOCITY ADJUST
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Most synthesizers have velocity-sensitive keyboards.  Velocity sensing is a matter of detecting how fast you press down on the key from the time it starts moving to the time it hits bottom.  If you press a key fast, the instrument measures this as a maximum velocity of 127; the slowest pressing of a key registers as a velocity of 1.  As a general rule, when you press slowly, the sound is softer, and when you press faster, the volume increases.  Most devices also can be programmed to create tonal variations as well, for example making a sound brighter as it gets louder.

Velocity Adjust allows fine tuning of velocity information.  This is dependent on how your instrument is programmed to respond to velocity.  If an instrument you have is not velocity sensitive, or the patch you are playing is not using the velocity parameters, you won't hear any change. 

FIG04.IMG     


Keyboards that don't respond to velocity generally send a value of 64 for all Notes.  Velocity adjust allows you to change this value for other devices that do respond to velocity.  Note that a few instruments that don't have velocity-sensing keyboards can still respond to velocity in MIDI data that they receive.  This function can also be performed with Real Time Track Velocity Shift.

To create changes in velocity from one Note to another in data that has only one velocity value, see Chapter 7 - Graphic Editing, Drawing Curves.

To Adjust Velocity:

-Select Velocity Adjust from the Edit menu.  
-To affect the current Region only, select it with the Right mouse button.

-A series of dialog boxes appear giving you options to alter the velocity.

-The first dialog box asks which velocity you want to adjust: 
Attack (how quickly you strike the key), 
Release (how quickly you let go of the key) or 
Both

FIG05.IMG 

*Release Velocity                                              

is dependent on whether or not your instrument is able and programmed to take advantage of this parameter. Some sounds can be made to ring out or change depending on how fast you let go of the key.

The next dialog box prompts you to select one of three available adjustment methods:
Shift, Scale or Set.

FIG06.IMG     

Shift Velocity: shifts the overall velocity of the Track softer or louder, or clips velocity at a specified level. Velocity\Shift (from Edit menu)                                 

Scale Velocity:	expands or compresses velocity values by a specified factor relative to a center velocity.

Set Velocity: sets velocity to a specific level for all Notes on a Track.

:SHIFT VELOCITY:
----------------
Selecting the *Shift Velocity* (from Edit menu) method brings up a dialog box that requests which shift direction you want: Softer, Louder Or Clip Only.  Follow the map below for the prompts and alternatives.The following diagram shows the various paths you can take through the Shift Velocity dialog boxes:

FIG07A.IMG    
FIG07B.IMG    

SHIFT EXAMPLE 
Take a Track with three Notes, the velocity of the first Note being 100, the second Note 50 and the third Note 30.  Select the Softer for the Shift direction and set Shift velocity by ????? to 20.  Set the Minimum velocity to 20 and the Maximum velocity to 127.  The resulting Note velocities would be 80, 30 and 20 respectively.  The third Note would have been decreased to 10 if we had set the Minimum velocity to 10 or less.  Since we set it to 20, the Note could not be shifted lower than that.

FIG08.IMG     

SHIFT EXAMPLE
Taking the same three-Note Track, if we had decided to *Clip Velocity*
the velocities only, and had set the Minimum velocity to +1 and the Maximum velocity to +40, after processing the Track, the Note velocities would be 40, 40 and 30, respectively.  In other words, it only affected those Notes above 40, bringing them down to the programmed Maximum velocity level.  If we had set the Maximum velocity to 127 and Minimum velocity to 40, the Note velocities would have been 100, 50 and 40, as only the third Note was below the minimum level of 40.                                      
FIG09.IMG

Each note is CLIPPED to a Maximum of ?????? and a Minimum of 1.  Any notes with ?????? velocities below 40 are not affected.



:SCALE VELOCITY:
----------------  

If you select the Scale method, choose which scale direction you want: Compress or Expand.  Next, choose the Scale factor.  Next, set a Center velocity for the scaling to use as a reference.  And finally, set the Minimum and Maximum velocity levels.
The following diagram shows the various paths you can take through the Scale velocity dialog boxes:

FIG10.IMG

FIG07B.IMG

Using the same three-Note Track with velocities of 100, 50 and 30, Compress the velocities using a Scale factor of 2:1 (2 to 1) with a Center velocity of 50, Minimum velocity set to 1 and the Maximum velocity set to 127.  Each Note velocity would be 75, 50 and 40 respectively.  The first Note is lowered 1/2 of the way to the Center velocity (50% of the distance between 100 and 50 is 25, 100-25 = 75), the center Note stayed the same (50% of the distance between 50 and 50 is 0, 50-0 = 50) and the third Note was raised half of the way to the center velocity (50% of the distance between 30 and 50 is 10, 30+10 = 40).

FIG11.IMG

Each Note moves toward the center value.
                                                

:EXPAND VELOCITY:
------------------

If we choose to Expand Velocity using the same parameter settings, the first Note will expand to 127, the second will remain at 50 and the third will be set to 1. Remember, with expansion the process is reversed: instead of being compressed to half the distance between the Note's velocity value and the Center value, at 2 to 1 it's expanded to twice the distance.

FIG12.IMG     
Each Note moves away from the center value.

Selecting the Set Velocity method simply means that you will adjust all velocities on the Track to one value.

FIG13.IMG

Once you've selected the method of Velocity Adjustment you desire, and set the necessary parameters, you then choose the Source and Destination Tracks.  Using the Track Selection Arrow, point to the Source Track you wish to adjust, and Click with the Left mouse button.  The Track will highlight to designate that it is marked.  Click on additional Tracks that you want to affect in the same way.  Point to the Track you want to store the Velocity adjustments to and Click with the Right button.

To Adjust Velocity Using Key Commands:
Press Control V.  
This will bring you to the initial dialog box.  
To affect only the current Region press Clr/Home first.

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REPLACE EVERY
--------------

Replace Every lets you take all occurrences of one particular type of controller in a Track, and replace them with another type of controller.  The controllers you can change from/to are:
Control Change #0 thru #120, including:

1	=	Mod Wheel (+ only)
2	=	Breath Controller (+ only)
4	=	Foot Controller (+ only)
6	=	Data Entry
7	=	MIDI Volume (+ only)
10	=	MIDI Pan (+/-)
64	=	Sustain (on/off)
Channel Pressure (After Touch) (+ only)
Pitch Bend (+/-)

Keep in mind that changing a controller with a positive-only range (such as mod wheel or MIDI volume) to or from a controller with a positive/negative range (such as pitch bend or MIDI pan) is not likely to produce useful effects.

To Replace Every Controller In A Track:

-Select Replace Every from the Edit menu.  To affect the current Region only, select it with the Right mouse button.
-Choose the controller type (Ctrl Chng, Chnl Pres, Pitch Bnd) you want to change FROM.
-If you chose Ctrl Chng, enter the specific Control Change number you want to replace in the next dialog box.
-Choose the controller type you want to change TO.
-If you chose Ctrl Chng, enter the specific Control Change number you want to replace with in the next dialog box.
-Select the Tracks containing the controller events to be Replaced using the Left mouse button.
-Use the Right mouse button to choose an empty Destination Track, or if you're sure, select the Source Track.


To *Replace Every* Using Key Commands:

-Press Control R.
-To affect only the current Region press Clr/Home first.

Example

You have recorded a Track using channel pressure (after touch), and you want to send that Track to a synthesizer which doesn't respond to channel pressure, but which does respond to mod wheel (control change #1) producing the effect you want.  Using Replace Every you can change all occurrences of channel pressure in the Track to mod wheel events instead.  

When it prompts Change FROM Click on Chnl Pres, when it prompts Change TO Click on Ctrl Chng, and when it prompts Control Change (#?) enter 001 for mod wheel.


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ELIMINATE EVERY
----------------

Eliminate Every lets you erase all occurrences of one particular type of controller in a Track.  The controllers you can erase are:

Control Change #0 thru #120, including:
1	=	Mod Wheel
2	=	Breath Controller
4	=	Foot Controller 
6	=	Data Entry
7	=	MIDI Volume 
10	=	MIDI Pan 
64	=	Sustain (on/off)
Channel Pressure (After Touch) 
Pitch Bend 



To Eliminate Every Controller In A Track:

-Select Eliminate Every from the Edit menu.  If you wish to affect only the current Region then select it with the Right mouse button.
-Choose the controller type you want to erase	(Ctrl Chng, Aft Touch, Pitch Bnd).
-If you chose Ctrl Chng, enter the specific Control Change number you want to eliminate in the next dialog box.
-Use the Left mouse button to choose one or more Source Tracks that you wish to erase the chosen controller from.
-Use the Right Button to choose an empty Destination Track, or if you are sure, the edit can be saved destructively back to the Source Track(s).
-This Track will contain everything except the controller you eliminated.


To Eliminate Every Using Key Commands:

-Press Control E.
-To affect only the current Region press Clr/Home first.